{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:41:04Z","timestamp":1791578464032,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. No. 09\/174(0068)\/2014\u2010EMR\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. No. 09\/174(0068)\/2014\u2010EMR\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. No. 80\/929\/2015\u2010ECD\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. No. 80\/929\/2015\u2010ECD\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the last few years, infections caused by dermatophytes along with a concomitant increase in the number of difficult to treat cases have increasingly been recognised, indicating that dermatophytosis remains a challenging public health problem. The majority of infections are caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex. Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal used orally and topically is considered to be a first\u2010line drug in the therapy of dermatophyte infections. Terbinafine resistance has been predominately attributed to point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SQLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) target gene a key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway leading to single amino acid substitutions. Here, we report the largest series of 20 terbinafine\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained predominately from cases of tinea corporis\/cruris in three hospitals in Delhi, India exhibiting elevated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s (4 to \u226532\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) to terbinafine and all harbouring single\u2010point mutations Leu393Phe or Phe397Leu in the\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SQLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. In 12 (60%)\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, the Phe397Leu substitution was observed, whereas in the remaining 8 (40%) isolates the substitution Leu393Phe was reported for the first time in\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, 10 susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (0.125\u20102\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) had a wild\u2010type genotype. Remarkably, considerably high terbinafine resistance rate of 32% was observed among 63\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. This high level of terbinafine resistance of Indian dermatophyte isolates is worrisome warranting antifungal susceptibility testing and mutation analysis for monitoring this emerging resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T21:23:50Z","timestamp":1522013030000},"page":"477-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":334,"title":["High terbinafine resistance in\n                    <i>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/i>\n                    isolates in Delhi, India harbouring mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aradhana","family":"Masih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananta","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr. RML Hospital and PGIMER  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques F.","family":"Meis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"In\u2010vitro activity of 10 antifungal agents against 320 dermatophyte strains using microdilution method in Tehran","volume":"12","author":"Adimi P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm 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