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The aim of the present study was to determine the species distribution based on the\u00a0restriction fragment length polymorphism and susceptibility patterns of the causative agents of onychomycosis. This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on nail samples collected from 257 patients suspected of onychomycosis during 14\u00a0months. Fungal isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction\u2010restriction fragment length polymorphisms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFLP<\/jats:styled-content>) with the enzymes <jats:italic>Msp I, Mva I, Alw I<\/jats:italic> and sequencing. According to the results, out of the 257 patients participating in the study, onychomycosis was diagnosed in 180 (70.03%) cases, among which 51.1% were caused by non\u2010dermatophyte moulds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDM<\/jats:styled-content>s), 35% by yeast and 10.6% by dermatophytes. Numerous cryptic species recovered from onychomycosis for the first time. In the majority of cases, novel triazoles and imidazoles (ie, efinaconazole, luliconazole and lanoconazole) showed potent activity in comparison with other antifungal agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>) of luliconazole and lanoconazole ranged within 0.001 to &gt;1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and their geometric mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s were 0.0154 and 0.0309\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL against all isolates, respectively. It seems that obtained data will be useful to improve the knowledge of researchers, clinicians and dermatologists about onychomycosis distribution, species diversity and adoption of appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T04:38:13Z","timestamp":1537936693000},"page":"128-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates from onychomycosis (uncommon and emerging species)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran 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