{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:01:03Z","timestamp":1791000063182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports on the consumption of systemic antifungal drugs on a national level are scarce although of high interest to compare trends and the associated epidemiology in other countries and to assess the need for antifungal stewardship programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate patterns of Belgian inpatient and outpatient antifungal use and provide reference data for other countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consumption records of antifungals were collected in Belgian hospitals between 2003 and 2016. Primary healthcare data were available for the azoles for the period 2010\u20102016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the antifungal consumption resulted from prescriptions of fluconazole and itraconazole in the ambulatory care while hospitals were responsible for only 6.4% of the total national consumption and echinocandin use was limited. The annual average antifungal consumption in hospitals decreased significantly by nearly 25% between 2003 and 2016, due to a decrease solely in non\u2010university hospitals. With the exception of specialised burn centres, antifungals are mostly consumed at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>s and internal medicine wards. A significant decline was also observed in the consumption of azoles in primary health care, attributed to itraconazole. The major part of azoles was prescribed by generalists followed by dermatologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of the downward trend in annual use of systemic antifungal drugs, Belgium remains one of the biggest consumers in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T01:09:38Z","timestamp":1553044178000},"page":"542-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Systemic antifungal drug use in Belgium\u2014One of the biggest antifungal consumers in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berdieke","family":"Goemaere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCM\/IHEM Fungal Collection Service of Mycology and Aerobiology Sciensano Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Lagrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine National Reference Centre for Mycosis University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Spriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCM\/IHEM Fungal Collection Service of Mycology and Aerobiology Sciensano Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Vandael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare\u2010Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Sciensano Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCM\/IHEM Fungal Collection Service of Mycology and Aerobiology Sciensano Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"Catry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare\u2010Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Sciensano Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90349-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0742-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1226721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"542","article-title":"Hospital use of systemic antifungal drugs","volume":"5","author":"With K","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/529435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01128-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00591-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-018-0307-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2016.1096776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02566-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"PROTOCOL Belgian Hospitals.Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (BeH\u2010SAC) 2018 version 1.1.http:\/\/www.nsih.be\/surv_gm\/download_nl.asp. 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