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Extensive review the literature regarding the definition of the vaginal yeast colonisation, its demographic features and causes as well as the risk factors favouring infection along with the necessity of treatment. Databases, namely PubMed\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>, Google Scholar, the University College London databases, e\u2010journals, e\u2010books and official Health Organisations websites were extensively searched in English, French, German and Greek language with no restriction in the type of publications during the last thirty years. In healthy women, vaginal yeast colonisation is an asymptomatic state with <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> being the most prevalent species. Pregnant, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and diabetic hosts are at higher risk. Other risk factors include oral contraceptives, hormonal replacement therapy and previous antibiotic use. Colonisation does not necessitate therapeutic intervention when asymptomatic. Prophylactic therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy is often recommended for reducing the risk of neonatal candidiasis. The distinction between commensalism and vaginitis is often complicated. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical context in order to decide the indicated therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T03:10:21Z","timestamp":1556680221000},"page":"638-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Vaginal yeast colonisation: From a potential harmless condition to clinical implications and management approaches\u2014A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Chatzivasileiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Microbiology Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timoleon\u2010Achilleas","family":"Vyzantiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Microbiology Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00076-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200907-075AL"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and prevention[Internet].Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2015[updated 2015 June 4 reviewed 2015 June 4].http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/candidiasis.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60917-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"WhiteD RobertsonC.Management of vuvlovaginal candidiasis[Internet]. 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