{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:26:28Z","timestamp":1776752788056,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,23]],"date-time":"2019-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of false\u2010positive serum galactomannan (GM) enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test results has been scarcely examined among older subjects. Additionally, previous studies have highlighted the influence of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels on GM test results. We hypothesised that age\u2010related IgG level elevation might also be associated with false\u2010positive GM test results in older subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association between false\u2010positive GM test results and age or serum IgG levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association between false\u2010positive serum GM test results and age in 1071 healthy adult subjects. Then, we validated this association and further explored the correlation with serum IgG levels by retrospectively identifying 700 patients with newly diagnosed haematologic disorders without probable or proven invasive aspergillosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy subjects with false\u2010positive GM test results were significantly older than those without false\u2010positive results (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Among patients with haematologic disorders, IgG myeloma patients showed significantly higher false\u2010positive rates (57\/125 [45.6%]) than patients with other haematologic disorders (non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma: 48\/315 [15.2%], myelodysplastic syndrome\/aplastic anaemia: 19\/141 [13.5%]; both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) or other types of myeloma (IgA myeloma: 13\/60 [21.7%], light chain myeloma: 9\/52 [17.3%]; both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Furthermore, among non\u2010multiple myeloma patients, advanced age and higher IgG level were also significantly associated with the high frequency of false\u2010positive GM test results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>False\u2010positive serum GM test results were frequent among older subjects and patients with elevated serum IgG levels. These results suggested that age\u2010 and\/or disease\u2010related IgG level elevation could induce this phenomenon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T08:44:03Z","timestamp":1559724243000},"page":"773-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Higher frequency of false\u2010positive serum galactomannan tests among older subjects and the association with elevated serum immunoglobulin G levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1021-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Kitadate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosei","family":"Matsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"CD007394","article-title":"Galactomannan detection for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients","volume":"12","author":"Leeflang M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200312113492424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5362-5363.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282eeb413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05946-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.10.014"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.5.594","article-title":"Normative values of serum immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion: a review","volume":"22","author":"Maddison SE","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(84)90009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1998)12:6<363::AID-JCLA6>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1386.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw222"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.5.616","article-title":"When is a heterophile antibody not a heterophile antibody? 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