{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:47:27Z","timestamp":1792280847866,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is not considered an rare, opportunistic infection anymore. The immunocompetent population accounts for an increasing proportion of the morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the clinical characteristics of PC patients spanning 20\u00a0years, in a referral centre of China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 99 patients with PC who were diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 1998 to December 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pulmonary cryptococcosis incidence in PUMCH has seen sharp increase in two decades. There were 40.4% (40\/99), 17.2% (17\/99) and 42.4% (42\/99) immunocompetent, mildly immunocompromised and severe immunocompromised patients, respectively. Significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.035) male predominance in immunocompetent and mildly immunocompromised groups (68.4%, 39\/57) compared with severe immunocompromised group (45.2%, 19\/42) was found. Overall, 27.5% (11\/40) immunocompetent patients reported a significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02) in history of more than weekly drinking, higher than mildly or severe immunocompromised. No significant difference occurred in symptoms and radiographic characteristics among the groups. In pulmonary computerised tomography findings, the non\u2010air pathway feature was the dominant distribution characteristics in all patients with PC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002). The gap in body dissemination frequency between immunocompetent combined with mildly immunocompromised (5.26%, 3\/57) and severe immunocompromised (19.0%, 8\/42) was marginally significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gender and alcohol drinking could be PC risk factors of concern in patients without severe immunodeficiency. No significant difference occurred in symptoms or radiographic characteristics between patients with different levels of immune status. The unique radiographic non\u2010air pathway distribution in the lung may be the feature of\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      invasion that may enhance accurate diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T14:03:28Z","timestamp":1562681008000},"page":"937-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pulmonary cryptococcosis characteristics in immunocompetent patients\u2014A 20\u2010year clinical retrospective analysis in China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3949-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5921-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9389-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Record, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7146-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 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