{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:09:52Z","timestamp":1779883792198,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T004517N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T004517N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a life\u2010threatening opportunistic infection, but can be difficult to diagnose. New biomarkers are therefore needed. Gliotoxin (GT), a secondary metabolite of <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>, and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin (bmGT), a degradation product of GT, have been proposed as potential biomarkers. However, these findings have yet to be confirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the diagnostic potential of GT and bmGT in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) in haematology patients compared to galactomannan (GM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively collected culture supernatant, serum and BALf from patients with culture\u2010positive IPA and measured GT and bmGT concentrations using ultra high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Galactomannan was detected using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 18 patients with proven (n\u00a0=\u00a06) and probable (n\u00a0=\u00a012) IPA, all with positive cultures for <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>. BmGT was only detected in serum from one patient (5.6%), whereas GM was positive (optical density\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.5) in 11\/18 patients (61.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). We could not find GT in any serum sample. In BALf, bmGT was detected in 8\/18 patients (44.4%) and GT in 9\/18 patients (50%), compared to GM (optical density\u00a0\u2265\u00a01.0) in all patients (100%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin had a very poor performance for diagnosing IPA. As other biomarkers are more sensitive and easier to detect, we would not recommend serum or BALf GT\/bmGT to be used in the diagnosis of IPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T07:48:22Z","timestamp":1563349702000},"page":"945-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin are not reliable as biomarkers of invasive aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Haematology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Res\u00e9ndiz Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Waumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Lagrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4257-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Maertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Haematology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.635-637.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7209-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"SvahnS.Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium nalgiovense: Antimicrobial Compounds from Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Extreme Environments[Doctoral thesis]. Uppsala Sweden: Uppsala University;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10888-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05094"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.12967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.12967","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.12967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T22:49:47Z","timestamp":1694299787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.12967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.12967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12967","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}