{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:45:27Z","timestamp":1790639127964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the biological diagnosis of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PjP infection) usually relies on microbiological investigations in bronchial\u2010alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by conventional staining methods and\/or molecular biology. However, bronchial\u2010alveolar lavage is sometimes complicated to manage, especially in weakened patients. Therefore, alternative clinical samples\u2014easier to collect\u2014are warranted in such specific contexts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a four\u2010year period, diagnostic performance of an original method based on combination of quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) with measurement of \u03b2\u2010(1, 3)\u2010D\u2010glucan antigen (BDG) in serum was prospectively assessed in a single centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results were compared with those obtained in BALF through direct staining methods and qPCR. True positives were defined by an independent committee based on clinical, radiological and biological data. Overall, 48 individuals with a definitive diagnosis of PjP infection were included, and 48 controls were selected upon matching for age, sex and underlying disease(s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>qPCR results were strongly correlated between BALF and NPA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Altogether, greater diagnostic performance was achieved when establishing the positive cut\u2010off of BDG antigen at 143\u00a0pg\/mL. In such conditions, sensitivity of the testing based on either positive BDG measurement or positive qPCR in NPA was then calculated at 93.75%, <jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>CI [82.37%\u201098.40%], and specificity at 97.87%, <jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>CI [87.66%\u2010100.00%].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further validation through multicentre studies is now required, especially for establishing clear cut\u2010offs. However, one could already state that combination of qPCR in the NPA with BDG measurement in serum may be a valuable substitute for BALF examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T08:04:33Z","timestamp":1567929873000},"page":"1015-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Combination of \u03b2\u2010(1, 3)\u2010D\u2010glucan testing in serum and qPCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate for facilitated diagnosis of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i> pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Desoubeaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie Mycologie M\u00e9decine Tropicale CHU de Tours Tours France"},{"name":"CEPR \u2010 INSERM U1100\/\u00c9quipe 3 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e9la\u00efde","family":"Chesnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie Mycologie M\u00e9decine Tropicale CHU de Tours Tours France"},{"name":"CEPR \u2010 INSERM U1100\/\u00c9quipe 3 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie Mycologie M\u00e9decine Tropicale CHU de Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Bras\u2010Cachinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie Mycologie M\u00e9decine Tropicale CHU de Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parastou","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie 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