{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T09:20:49Z","timestamp":1772184049896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> spp. are dimorphic fungi endemic to parts of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Infection can cause a range of disease from self\u2010limited acute pneumonia to severe disseminated disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective chart review of medical records of cases of culture\u2010proven acute coccidioidomycosis at the University of California San Diego between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2019 and described the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of these cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the study period, fifteen evaluable cases of culture\u2010proven acute coccidioidomycosis were identified. Of these, 87% (13\/15) had traditional risk factors for coccidioidomycosis infection while two lacked known risk factors, including one patient with cirrhosis and one with chronic hepatitis C infection. Seven of fifteen (47%) had primary coccidioidomycosis of the lungs without dissemination and 7\/15 (47%) disseminated disease. Of those with disseminated disease, 6\/7 (86%) had either high\u2010risk ethnicity or blood type as their only risk factor. At 90\u00a0days, 11\/15 (73%) were alive, 3\/15 (20%) deceased and 1\/15 (7%) lost to follow\u2010up. Of those not alive at 90\u00a0days, 1\/3 (33%) had disseminated disease and 2\/3 (67%) primary coccidioidomycosis, both on immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> spp. infection occurs in a variety of hosts with varying underlying risk factors, with the majority in our cohort overall and 86% with disseminated disease lacking traditional risk factors for invasive fungal infection other than ethnicity and\/or blood phenotype. Clinicians should be aware of these non\u2010traditional risk factors in patients with coccidioidomycosis infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T20:18:53Z","timestamp":1584389933000},"page":"553-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors and outcomes of culture\u2010proven acute <i>Coccidioides<\/i> spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6632-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Jenks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Fungal \u2013 Working Group University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Fungal \u2013 Working Group University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Fungal \u2013 Working Group University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6807a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1509667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"GorrisMECL ZenderCX TresederKK RandersonJT.Coccidioidomycosis Dynamics in Relation to Climate in the Southwestern United States GeoHealth."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.160505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Brown J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-280X.1999.00227.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis and heart transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Hall KA","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340160069017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990508"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis Among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 2001\u20132014. 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