{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:06:20Z","timestamp":1790658380515,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI\u2010MSI) is a mass spectrometry\u2010based technique, which can be applied for compound\u2010specific imaging of pharmaceuticals in tissues samples. MALDI\u2010MSI technology is widely used to visualise penetration and distribution profile through different tissues but has never been used with nail tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used MALDI\u2010MSI technology to visualise distribution profile and penetration into ex vivo human mycosis\u2010infected toenails of three antifungal active ingredients amorolfine, ciclopirox and naftifine contained in topical onychomycosis nail treatment preparations, marketed as Loceryl<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Ciclopoli<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Exoderil<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three mycosis\u2010infected toenails were used for each treatment condition. Six and twenty\u2010four hours after one single topical application of antifungal drugs, excess of formulation was removed, nails were cryo\u2010sectioned at a thickness of 20\u00a0\u03bcm, and MALDI matrix was deposited on each nail slice. Penetration and distribution profile of amorolfine, ciclopirox and naftifine in the nails were analysed by MALDI\u2010MSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All antifungal actives have been visualised in the nail by MALDI\u2010MSI. Ciclopirox and naftifine molecules showed a highly localised distribution in the uppermost layer of the nail plate. In comparison, amorolfine diffuses through the nail plate to the deep layers already 6\u00a0hours after application and keeps diffusing towards the lowest nail layers within 24\u00a0hours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows for the first\u2010time distribution and penetration of certain antifungal actives into human nails using MALDI\u2010MSI analysis. The results showed a more homogeneous distribution of amorolfine to nail and a better penetration through the infected nails than ciclopirox and naftifine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T07:44:22Z","timestamp":1589442262000},"page":"869-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Visualisation of penetration of topical antifungal drug substances through mycosis\u2010infected nails by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Endringer Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bagger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gernot","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galderma SA La Tour\u2010de\u2010Peilz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Joly\u2010Tonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galderma SA La Tour\u2010de\u2010Peilz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Paul","family":"Th\u00e9not","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PKDERM Laboratories Grasse Biotech Grasse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Osman\u2010Ponchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PKDERM Laboratories Grasse Biotech Grasse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Janfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2018.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN00313K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2019.1574937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060788p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201500524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-013-0607-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.06009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0841-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac400892z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00989-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Detection and relevance of naftifine hydrochloride in the stratum corneum up to four weeks following the last application of naftifine cream and gel, 2%","volume":"12","author":"Plaum S","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2007.00372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Naftifine hydrochloride 1% solution (Exoderil\u00ae Sandoz GmbH Austria). Summary of Product Characteristics.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"Ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer (Ciclopoli\u00ae Taurus Pharma Germany). Summary of Product Characteristics.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0443-2"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmyc.13103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.13103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1693604992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}