{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:08:46Z","timestamp":1761664126029,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), clinicians have used personal protective equipment to avoid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02. However, they still face occupational risk of infection, when treating COVID\u201019 patients. This may be highest during invasive diagnostic procedures releasing aerosols and droplets. Thereby, the use of diagnostic procedures for Covid\u201019 associated aspergillosis may be delayed or impeded, as use of bronchoscopy has been discouraged. This leads to avoidance of a crucial procedure for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. We intent to visualise aerosol and droplet spread and surface contamination during bronchoscopy and address which measures can avoid exposure of health\u2010care workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We created a simulation model to visualise aerosol and droplet generation as well as surface contamination by nebulising fluorescent solution detected by using ultraviolet light\u2010 and slow\u2010motion capture. We repurposed covers for ultrasound transducers or endoscopic cameras to prevent surface and ambient air contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our bronchoscopy simulation model, we noticed extensive aerosol generation, droplet spread and surface contamination. Exposure of health\u2010care workers and contamination of surfaces can be efficiently reduced by repurposing covers for ultrasound transducers or endoscopic cameras to seal the tube opening during bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adequate personal protective equipment and safety strategies allow to minimise contamination during bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T07:38:11Z","timestamp":1601105891000},"page":"55-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Bronchoscopy safety precautions for diagnosing COVID\u201019 associated pulmonary aspergillosis\u2014A simulation study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Koehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging\u2010Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver A.","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging\u2010Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Trials Centre Cologne ZKS K\u00f6ln Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Kochanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31484-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-0945LE"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2011418"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13096"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30027-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KoehlerP BassettiM ChakrabartiA et al.Defining and managing COVID\u201019 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. The 2020 ECMM\/ISHAM Consensus Criteria for Research and Clinical Guidance. Manuscript in preparation.2020.","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.031"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.05.012"},{"unstructured":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010nCoV\/hcp\/index.html\u2010 last accessed 21. September 2020","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1"},{"unstructured":"https:\/\/www.idsociety.org\/COVID19guidelines\/ip\u2010 last accessed 21. September 2020","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2014809"},{"unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/patientsafety\/safesurgery\/tools_resources\/SSSL_Checklist_finalJun08.pdf\u2010 last accessed 17. 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