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Here, we determined risk factors for the development of candidaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective, multi\u2010centre, case\u2010control study over 12\u00a0months. Cases were aged \u226518\u00a0years with at least one blood culture positive for <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. Each case was matched with two controls, by age within 10\u00a0years, admission within 6\u00a0months, admitting unit, and admission duration at least as long as the time between admission and onset of candidaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 118 incident cases and 236 matched controls were compared. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for candidaemia included neutropenia, solid organ transplant, significant liver, respiratory or cardiovascular disease, recent gastrointestinal, biliary or urological surgery, central venous access device, intravenous drug use, urinary catheter and carbapenem receipt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors for candidaemia derive from the infection source, carbapenem use, host immune function and organ\u2010based co\u2010morbidities. Preventive strategies should target iatrogenic disruption of mucocutaneous barriers and intravenous drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T11:22:38Z","timestamp":1605266558000},"page":"257-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk factors for candidaemia: A prospective multi\u2010centre case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin Livia","family":"Keighley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services ICPMR New South Wales Health Pathology Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Infectious Diseases Westmead Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alun","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J. 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