{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:37:08Z","timestamp":1790095028143,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on the recently COVID\u201019\u2010associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) entity is scarce. We describe eight CAPA patients, compare them to colonised ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), and review the published literature from Western countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study (March to May, 2020) that included all COVID\u201019 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Modified AspICU and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) criteria were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019\u2010associated pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed in eight patients (3.3% of 239 ICU patients), mostly affected non\u2010immunocompromised patients (75%) with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving corticosteroids. Diagnosis was established after a median of 15\u00a0days under mechanical ventilation. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in two patients with positive <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> cultures and galactomannan (GM) index. Serum GM was positive in 4\/8 (50%). Thoracic CT scan findings fulfilled EORTC\/MSG criteria in one case. Isavuconazole was used in 4\/8 cases. CAPA\u2010related mortality was 100% (8\/8). Compared with colonised patients, CAPA subjects were administered tocilizumab more often (100% vs. 40%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04), underwent longer courses of antibacterial therapy (13 vs. 5\u00a0days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008), and had a higher all\u2010cause mortality (100% vs. 40%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04). We reviewed 96 similar cases from recent publications: 59 probable CAPA (also putative according modified AspICU), 56 putative cases and 13 colonisations according AspICU algorithm; according EORTC\/MSG six proven and two probable. Overall, mortality in the reviewed series was 56.3%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019\u2010associated pulmonary aspergillosis must be considered a serious and potentially life\u2010threatening complication in patients with severe COVID\u201019 receiving immunosuppressive treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T03:23:03Z","timestamp":1605842583000},"page":"132-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the COVID\u201019 era: An expected new entity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department 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