{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:23:05Z","timestamp":1785403385548,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> is a newly described multidrug\u2010resistant fungal pathogen associated with biofilm formation and severe infections with high mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the activities of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against <jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> biofilms and planktonic cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> strains originating from 5 clades (South Asian, East Asian, African, South American and Iranian) were tested for biofilm production by safranin staining of the extracellular matrix polysaccharide structure as well as biofilm (BF) and planktonic (PLK) antifungal susceptibility to nine antifungal agents using the XTT reduction assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> isolates produced mature BF as compared to non\u2010<jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> control (<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> parapsilosis) strains. Four <jats:italic>C auris<\/jats:italic> isolates exhibited relatively high MIC\u2019s for fluconazole (32\u2013128\u00a0mg\/L for PLK MIC and 128\u20131024\u00a0mg\/L for BF MIC) as compared to the Iranian strain that had PLK and BF MIC\u2019s 0.5 and 16, respectively. Itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole had relatively low PLK MICs but high BF MICs. A similar pattern was observed with echinocandins; relatively low PLK MIC (0.06\u20134\u00a0mg\/L) but quite high BF MICs (4\u20132048\u00a0mg\/L). While all isolates exhibited relatively low PLK MICs (0.06\u20134\u00a0mg\/L) for both amphotericin B formulations, liposomal amphotericin B showed higher MICs compared to deoxycholate amphotericin B against <jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> BF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Triazoles, echinocandins and liposomal amphotericin B appear to have less activity against <jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> biofilms than deoxycholate amphotericin B. Our in vitro model provides evidence for intrinsic <jats:italic>C\u00a0auris<\/jats:italic> biofilm resistance to antifungal agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1607010758000},"page":"381-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Activities of nine antifungal agents against <i>Candida auris<\/i> biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Chatzimoschou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases 3rd Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty Aristotle University School of Health Sciences Hippokration General Hospital Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canisius\u2010Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ) Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Giampani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases 3rd Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty Aristotle University School of Health Sciences Hippokration General Hospital Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques F.","family":"Meis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canisius\u2010Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ) Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roilides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases 3rd Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty Aristotle University School of Health Sciences Hippokration General Hospital Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00319-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Tracking Candida auris","author":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/528521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019752","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019752","article-title":"Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance","volume":"5","author":"Cowen LE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00257-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"e02396","article-title":"The emerging pathogen Candida auris: Growth phenotype, virulence factors, activity of antifungals, and effect of SCY\u2010078, a novel glucan synthesis inhibitor, on growth morphology and biofilm formation","volume":"24","author":"Larkin E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00959-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Guinea J and the Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). 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