{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:13:41Z","timestamp":1783127621304,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dermatophytoses have gained interest worldwide due to the increased resistance to terbinafine and azoles and difficulty in management of these refractory diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we identified and analysed <jats:italic>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates obtained from humans with infections of animal origin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) to examine the transcriptional modulation of three MDR genes (<jats:italic>PDR1, MDR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MDR4<\/jats:italic>) and analysed squalene epoxidase (<jats:italic>SQLE<\/jats:italic>) gene sequences from multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression profile revealed a 2\u2010 to 12\u2010fold increase in mRNA accumulation in the presence of any of the antifungals, compared to cells incubated without drugs. A statistically significant relationship between the isolates exposed to itraconazole and increased expression of the tested genes was revealed. Substantially lower transcription levels were noted for cells exposed to luliconazole, that is, a third\u2010generation azole. Additionally, in the case of 50% of terbinafine\u2010resistant strains, Leu397Phe substitution in the SQLE gene was detected. Furthermore, the reduced susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole was overcome by milbemycin oxime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, our study shed more light on the role of the ABC transporter family in <jats:italic>T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>, which, if overexpressed, can confer resistance to single azole drugs and even cross\u2010resistance. Finally, milbemycin oxime could be an interesting compound supporting treatment with azole drugs in the case of refractory dermatomycoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T21:18:23Z","timestamp":1610745503000},"page":"537-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Complementary effect of mechanism of multidrug resistance in <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/i> isolated from human dermatophytoses of animal origin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gnat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Microbiology Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences University of Life Sciences Lublin 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