{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:14:54Z","timestamp":1788383694507,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication of severe viral pneumonia, such as influenza and COVID\u201019, that requires critical care including ventilatory support, use of corticosteroids and other adjunctive therapies to arrest the attendant massive airways inflammation. Although recommended for the treatment of viral pneumonia, steroid therapy appears to be a double\u2010edged sword, predisposing patients to secondary bacterial and invasive fungal infections (IFIs) whereby impacting morbidity and mortality. Mucormycosis is a fungal emergency with a highly aggressive tendency for contiguous spread, associated with a poor prognosis if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Classically, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and other immunosuppressive conditions including corticosteroid therapy are known risk factors for mucormycosis. Upon the background lung pathology, immune dysfunction and corticosteroid therapy, patients with severe viral pneumonia are likely to develop IFIs like aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Notably, the combination of steroid therapy and DM can augment immunosuppression and hyperglycaemia, increasing the risk of mucormycosis in a susceptible individual. Here, we report a case of sinonasal mucormycosis in a 44\u2010year\u2010old woman with hyperglycaemia secondary to poorly controlled diabetes following dexamethasone therapy on a background of influenza pneumonia and review 15 available literatures on reported cases of influenza and COVID\u201019 associated mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T08:56:11Z","timestamp":1613552171000},"page":"798-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["The double\u2010edged sword of systemic corticosteroid therapy in viral pneumonia: A case report and comparative review of influenza\u2010associated mucormycosis versus COVID\u201019 associated mucormycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Ahmadikia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Jamal","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadegh","family":"Khodavaisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mirhendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of infectious diseases and Tropical Medicine Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azin","family":"Tabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Research Center Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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