{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1781854958597,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genus <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> includes about 200 different species, but only a few are able to produce disease in humans. The species responsible for the highest proportion of human infections is <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>. However, in the last two decades there has been an increase in the proportion of infections caused by other <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species, including <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Nakaseomyces glabrata<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>tropicalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>krusei<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pichia<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>kudriavzevi<\/jats:italic>) and more recently <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>. Decolonisation of patients has been used as an infection control strategy for bacterial infections, but information about decolonisation products used in clinical practice for <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and other fungal pathogens is limited. Compounds with antimicrobial activity, such as triclosan (TR), boric acid (BA) and zinc oxide (ZO), are mainly used in personal care products. These products can be used for long periods of time without an abrasive skin effect and are a possible alternative for patient decolonisation in healthcare settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of boric acid (BA), triclosan (TR) and zinc oxide (ZO), individually and combined, against clinically relevant <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compounds to be screened for antifungal activity were evaluated at different concentrations, alone, and combined, using a well diffusion assay. The statistical evaluation was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc analysis using the multiple comparisons method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individually, BA and TR showed antifungal activity against all <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species evaluated but ZO did not show any antifungal activity. Mixtures of BA [5%]\u2014TR [0.2%]; BA [5%]\u2014TR [0.3%]; BA [5%]\u2014TR [0.2%]\u2014ZO [8.6%]; and BA [5%]\u2014TR [0.2%]\u2014ZO [25%] yielded the highest antifungal activity. An increased antifungal effect was observed in some mixtures when compared with individual compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated antifungal activity of BA and TR against multiple <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species, including against a clade of the emerging healthcare\u2010associated pathogen <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, this study shows enhancement of the antifungal effect and no antagonism among the mixtures of these compounds. Further research is needed to determine whether these compounds can reduce the burden of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> on skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T08:38:54Z","timestamp":1620635934000},"page":"1045-1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antifungal activity of boric acid, triclosan and zinc oxide against different clinically relevant <i>Candida<\/i> species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7684-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marly Alejandra","family":"Gavilanes\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias Universidad de Antioquia Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Unidad de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas \u2013CIB Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Coral\u2010Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas \u2013CIB Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego H.","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u2013 CDC Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Radboud University Medical Center and Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias Universidad de Antioquia Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Unidad de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Corporaci\u00f3n para Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas \u2013CIB Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology. 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