{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:01:20Z","timestamp":1792000880550,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryptococcosis is classically associated with the immunocompromised patients but there is a rising appreciation for its impact on the immunocompetent hosts. We sought to analyse the trends, diagnosis, treatment of different hosts and the effect of immunodeficiency and chronic liver disease on relapse and in\u2010house mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective study of 12\u00a0years of patients with cryptococcosis, divided into three different groups: HIV\u2010infected, transplant and non\u2010HIV non\u2010transplant (NHNT). Data were analysed with Chi\u2010square, unpaired parametric t test, simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 114 identified patients, 23 (20.2%) had HIV infection, 11 (9.6%) had transplant, 80 (70.2%) were NHNT patients. Overall, mortality was 28.1% (32\/114) and relapse occurred in 10.5% (12\/114) of patients. The mortality trend was higher (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.346, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.287) in the transplant group (45.5%, 5\/11) than in HIV (26.1%, 6\/23) and NHNT groups (26.3%, 21\/80). HIV was associated with relapse; 30.4% (7\/23) for HIV\u2010positive patients and 5.5% (5\/91) for HIV\u2010negative patients (OR\u00a0=\u00a07.525, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002). Chronic liver disease had a large and statistically significant association with mortality on multivariate analysis (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.583, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.013) which was more pronounced than the HIV or transplant groups. It was independently associated with mortality by chi\u2010square analysis (OR 3.137, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.012).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic liver disease represented 30.7% (35\/114) of all studied patients. It was a risk factor for in\u2010hospital mortality. HIV infection and transplant were not statistically significant for mortality. Relapse was highest in the HIV\u2010infected patients at 30.4% (7\/23). These data highlight the effect of type and degree of immunocompromise on cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T15:39:07Z","timestamp":1621957147000},"page":"1073-1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Changing demographics and risk factors for cryptococcosis: A 12\u2010year review at a tertiary care centre"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine North Mississippi Medical Center Tupelo MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Zachary","family":"Porterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Ribes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaneet","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY 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