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Nevertheless, symptomatology of IPA is often atypical in mechanically ventilated patients, and radiological aspects in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pneumonia and IPA are difficult to differentiate. In this context, the significance of the presence of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> in airway specimens (detected by culture, galactomannan antigen or specific PCR) remains to be fully understood. To decipher the relevance of the detection of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>, we performed a comprehensive review of all published cases of respiratory <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> colonisation and IPA in COVID\u201019 patients. The comparison of patients receiving or not antifungal treatment allowed us to highlight the most important criteria for the decision to treat. 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