{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:40Z","timestamp":1787015740591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 patients, especially the patients requiring hospitalisation, have a high risk of several complications such as opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis is a rare and opportunistic fungal infection that mainly affects diabetic and immunocompromised patients. An increase has been observed in the number of rhino\u2010orbital mucormycosis in patients with COVID\u201019 admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, since October 2020. This is a report of the frequency, risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of COVID\u201019 associated with mucormycosis infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of COVID\u201019 patients with rhino\u2010orbital mucormycosis who were diagnosed in an educational therapeutic hospital in Kermanshah, west of Iran were surveyed. Several parameters were analysed including demographic, clinical, therapeutic and laboratory characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve patients with COVID\u201019\u2013associated rhino\u2010orbital mucormycosis were identified from 12 October to 18 November 2020. All cases reported as proven mucormycosis had a history of hospitalisation due to COVID\u201019. Comorbidities mainly included diabetes mellitus (83.33%) and hypertension (58.33%). Seventy\u2010five per cent of patients received corticosteroids for COVID\u2010 19 treatment. The sites of involvement were rhino\u2010sino\u2010orbital (83%) and rhino\u2010sino (17%). Amphotericin B\/liposomal amphotericin B alone or in combination with surgical debridement or orbital exenteration was used as the first\u2010line therapy. The overall mortality rate was 66.7% (8\/12).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a high incidence of mucormycosis among COVID\u201019 patients. Diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid use were the dominant predisposing factor of mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is a life\u2010threatening and opportunistic infection; therefore, physicians should know the signs and symptoms of the disease so that a timely diagnosis and therapy can be performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1626102151000},"page":"1366-1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Increased incidence of rhino\u2010orbital mucormycosis in an educational therapeutic hospital during the COVID\u201019 pandemic in western Iran: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Manouchehr","family":"Avatef Fazeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah 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Mehdi","family":"Parandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrollah","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Touraj","family":"Ahmadi Jouybari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interna Medicine, School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Mahdavian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah 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