{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:16Z","timestamp":1787015776290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Moulds are often wrongly considered contaminants, not very sensitive to conventional antifungal treatments, but they may cause ungual hyphomycosis, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Due to the lack of precise diagnostic criteria, their real impact is underestimated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective descriptive analysis of all ungual hyphomycosis cases diagnosed at Montpellier Hospital from 1991 to 2019 to: (i) determine the incidence of onychomycosis by pseudo\u2010dermatophytes and moulds; (ii) perform an epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis; and (iii) provide simple criteria for mould involvement in onychopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data concerning 4053 patients were collected: age, sex, onychomycosis location, direct examination results, species(s) identified and fungal co\u2010infections. Moreover, clinical data of patients with nail aspergillosis were analysed to identify potential contributing factors, and the classical criteria for mould involvement in onychopathy were critically reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A pseudo\u2010dermatophyte or a mould was involved in nail colonisation in 17.25% of patients (men\/women ratio: 0.70; mean age: 53.1\u00a0years). The identified hyphomycetes belonged mainly to the genera\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (45.68%),\n                      <jats:italic>Scopulariopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (30.23%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (16.94%). Analysis of the clinical reports of 102 patients with ungual aspergillosis (men\/women ratio: 0.67; mean age: 56.3\u00a0years) identified cardiovascular (43.9%), endocrine (25.8%), cancer (19.7%) and skin (18.2%) diseases as contributing factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adoption of simple and reliable criteria (ie, characteristic filaments on direct microscopic examination after periodic acid\u2010Schiff staining, growth at seeding points in culture) allows determining the formal involvement of a mould in chronic onychopathies and avoiding possible side effects and costs of empirical or inappropriate and repetitive treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T04:53:47Z","timestamp":1630472027000},"page":"1546-1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis and non\u2010dermatophyte moulds. Criteria for the involvement of\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    in 102 cases of onychomycosis at Montpellier University Hospital, France (1991\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"La\u00ebtitia","family":"Laroche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\"MiVEGEC\" and Department of Mycology and Parasitology CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center of Montpellier University Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\"MiVEGEC\" and Department of Mycology and Parasitology CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center of Montpellier University Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Lachaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\"MiVEGEC\" and Department of Mycology and Parasitology CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center of Montpellier University Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Rispail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\"MiVEGEC\" and Department of Mycology and Parasitology CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center of Montpellier University Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429299896","volume-title":"Les Mycoses Ungu\u00e9ales: \u00c9tapes Diagnostique et Th\u00e9rapeutique","author":"Baran R","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.149.s65.4.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2014.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"In Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi","volume":"17","author":"Kunert J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02081.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"DC23","article-title":"Enzymatic and non\u2010enzymatic virulence activities of dermatophytes on solid media","volume":"11","author":"Elavarashi E","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Les onyxis \u00e0 moisissures. 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