{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:47:50Z","timestamp":1792298870014,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the recovery of fungal pathogens from clinical external ear samples from patients with otitis externa (OE) using the UK national Standard Microbiology Investigations of ear infection (SMI B1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The UK SMI B1 protocol including a single Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (SABC) incubated at 37\u00b0C for 48\u00a0hours was compared with a standard fungal\u2010specific culture method using two SABC agar plates incubated at 28 and 37\u00b0C for 2\u00a0weeks with an extra <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> chromogenic agar incubated at 37\u00b0C for 5\u00a0days. This real\u2010life evaluation was undertaken on ear samples from patients with OE from January 2020 to December 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, 304 individual patient ear swabs were prospectively examined. The positivity rate of UK standard was 14% (42\/304) versus 26% (79\/304) for the fungal\u2010specific protocol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The standard protocol identified seven compared with 17 species using the fungal\u2010specific protocol. A total of 93 fungal isolates were recovered; nine different yeasts and eight filamentous fungal species. <jats:italic>Candida\u00a0parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> (38\/304; 13%), <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic> (10\/304; 3%) and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>orthopsilosis<\/jats:italic> (6\/304; 2%) were common yeast species. <jats:italic>Aspergillus\u00a0niger<\/jats:italic> complex (16\/304; 5%) was the most common mould, followed by <jats:italic>A.\u00a0fumigatus<\/jats:italic> complex (3\/304; 1%). Many less common and emerging yeasts and moulds were only isolated from samples cultured using a fungal\u2010specific protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that the UK SMI B1 media and procedures are inadequate to detect all fungal agents causing otomycosis. Fungal\u2010specific culture protocols increase the recovery rate and diversity of fungal pathogens isolated from external ear samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T09:05:04Z","timestamp":1643187904000},"page":"490-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["UK standards for microbiology investigations of ear infection (SMI B1) are inadequate for the recovery of fungal pathogens and laboratory diagnosis of otomycosis: A real\u2010life prospective evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Rawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance 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