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The diagnosis of CPA is based on pulmonary symptoms and chest computed tomography (CT) scans and is considered confirmed when there is microbiological or serological evidence of<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>spp. infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of CPA in patients treated or undergoing treatment for PTB, seen in two referral hospitals in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 193 consecutive patients who were treated or previously treated for pulmonary tuberculosis underwent prospective evaluation: (a) clinical evaluation; (b) chest CT scan; (c) sputum examination\u2014culture for fungi and smears for direct mycology; (d) detection of anti\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>antibodies using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay Platelia\u00ae test; and (e) anti\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>spp. antibodies were assessed via a DID test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global prevalence of CPA was 10.9% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%\u201316.1%), but it increased with the time of TB diagnosis. The variables independently associated with CPA were previous pulmonary tuberculosis over 4\u2009years ago and haemoptysis. Cavities, pleural thickening and the presence of a fungal ball were the most frequent tomographic findings in patients with CPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high prevalence observed and its increase over time suggest the need for continuous surveillance of CPA in patients with active or previous pulmonary tuberculosis and throughout life, with clinical, tomographic and serological evaluations (ELISA) for a timely diagnosis and a better prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T08:05:01Z","timestamp":1651910701000},"page":"715-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis regarding time of tuberculosis diagnosis in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia E.","family":"Volpe\u2010Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil"},{"name":"Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil"},{"name":"Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suse","family":"B. 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