{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:46:27Z","timestamp":1792118787954,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis (ITBM) is an uncommonly reported entity. Herein, we report a case of ITBM following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) and perform a systematic review of the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case description and systematic review<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 45\u2010year\u2010old gentleman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presented with cough, streaky haemoptysis, and hoarseness of voice 2\u2009weeks after mild COVID\u201019 illness. Computed tomography and flexible bronchoscopy suggested the presence of a tracheal mass, which was spontaneously expectorated. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed invasive ITBM. The patient had complete clinical and radiological resolution with glycaemic control, posaconazole, and inhaled amphotericin B (8\u2009weeks). Our systematic review of the literature identified 25 additional cases of isolated airway invasive mucormycosis. The median age of the 26 subjects (58.3% men) was 46\u2009years. Diabetes mellitus (79.2%) was the most common risk factor. Uncommon conditions such as anastomosis site mucormycosis (in two lung transplant recipients), post\u2010viral illness (post\u2010COVID\u201019 [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20093], and influenza [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091]), and post\u2010intubation mucormycosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091) were noted in a few. Three patients died before treatment initiation. Systemic antifungals were used in most patients (commonly amphotericin B). Inhalation (5\/26; 19.2%) or bronchoscopic instillation (1\/26; 3.8%) of amphotericin B and surgery (6\/26; 23.1%) were performed in some patients. The case\u2010fatality rate was 50%, primarily attributed to massive haemoptysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare disease. Bronchoscopy helps in early diagnosis. Management with antifungals and control of risk factors is required since surgery may not be feasible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T15:44:27Z","timestamp":1660923867000},"page":"5-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis: Report of a case and systematic review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Vikram","family":"Damaraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritesh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh 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