{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T16:29:54Z","timestamp":1792772994715,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whether chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) has different immunophenotypes remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify different CPA immunophenotypes using cluster analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used a subject\u2010centred multivariate clustering approach without prior assumptions to identify CPA phenotypes. We retrospectively included the data of treatment\u2010na\u00efve subjects with CPA and excluded subjects with asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). We performed a scalable two\u2010step cluster analysis using the log\u2010likelihood distance measures to identify CPA phenotypes based on the blood immunological profile (total IgE, eosinophil count and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010specific IgE and IgG).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 351 CPA subjects and found two clusters. Cluster 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0118) had significantly higher serum total IgE, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and serum\n                      <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010specific IgE and IgG than cluster 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0233). Cluster 2 subjects had a lower FEV1:FVC ratio on spirometry and were more likely to have a fungal ball (88 [74.6%] vs. 145 (62.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.023) on the CT thorax than cluster 1. After treatment discontinuation, cluster 2 had a longer median (interquartile range) time to relapse than cluster 1 (11.5 [7.3\u201327.4] vs. 4 [1.1\u20138.9]\u00a0months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified two distinct CPA phenotypes, type\u20102 dominant and non\u2010type\u20102, with different clinical and radiological findings and treatment outcomes. Future studies should confirm our findings and investigate different treatment strategies based on CPA phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1670812445000},"page":"299-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Identification of distinct immunophenotypes in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis using cluster analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inderpaul S.","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahajal","family":"Dhooria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valliappan","family":"Muthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivaprakash\u00a0M.","family":"Rudramurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"},{"name":"Director, Doodhadhari Burfani Hospital  Haridwar Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuruswamy T.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Doodhadhari Burfani Hospital  Haridwar Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh N.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Doodhadhari Burfani Hospital  Haridwar Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritesh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Doodhadhari Burfani Hospital  Haridwar Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1750956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"SPSS two\u2010step cluster\u2014a first evaluation","volume":"1","author":"Bacher J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Univ 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