{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:08:40Z","timestamp":1791454120133,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014054","name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mycetoma is a neglected tropical implantation disease caused by 70 different infectious agents. Identifying the causative organism to the species level is essential for appropriate patient management. Ultrasound, histopathology, culture and two species\u2010specific PCRs are most the commonly used methods for species identification in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of these commonly used assays using sequencing of barcoding genes as the gold standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This descriptive cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at the Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Sudan. It included 222 patients suspected of fungal mycetoma caused by <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>154 (69.3%) were correctly identified by ultrasound, histology, culture and both species\u2010specific PCRs. In 60 patients, at least one of the diagnostic tests failed to identify <jats:italic>M. mycetomatis<\/jats:italic>. Five patients had no evidence of eumycetoma, and for three, only the ultrasound was indicative of mycetoma. The two species\u2010specific PCRs were the most sensitive and specific methods, followed by culture and histology. Ultrasound was the least specific as it only allowed differentiation between actinomycetoma and eumycetoma. The time to result was 9.38\u2009minutes for ultrasound, 3.76\u2009hours for PCR, 8.5\u2009days for histopathology and 21\u2009days for grain culturing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, PCR directly on DNA isolated from grains is the most rapid and reliable diagnostic tool to identify <jats:italic>M. mycetomatis<\/jats:italic> eumycetoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T07:19:40Z","timestamp":1672384780000},"page":"420-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparing the performance of the common used eumycetoma diagnostic tests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Edwar","family":"Siddig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1454-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Nyuykonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najwa Adam","family":"Mhmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia Babekir","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa El Nour","family":"Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiman Siddig","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna","family":"Nyaoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases <i>initiative<\/i>, DND<i>i<\/i>  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard E.","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases <i>initiative<\/i>, DND<i>i<\/i>  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar Mubarak","family":"Bakhiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Hassan","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W. 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