{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:08:58Z","timestamp":1773256138886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008309","name":"Hengityssairauksien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008368","name":"Suomen Tuberkuloosin Vastustamisyhdistyksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006706","name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008493","name":"V\u00e4in\u00f6 ja Laina Kiven S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Aspergilli<\/jats:italic> moulds are frequently detected in sputum and other respiratory samples. It is not known what the significance of these findings is, or how to differentiate contamination, temporary or persistent colonisation from clinical infection when <jats:italic>Aspergilli<\/jats:italic> are found in respiratory samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we studied the clinical significance of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> findings from respiratory samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated 299 patients who had provided <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive respiratory samples in 2007\u20132016, which provided a follow\u2010up time of 3\u201313\u2009years. Data were collected from laboratory registry and Helsinki University Hospital medical records. Underlying diseases, immunosuppression, reasons for sample collection, clinical significance of positive <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> culture, antifungal medication, and patient survival were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Underlying pulmonary disease had 88% of patients, most commonly asthma (44%), bronchiectasis (30%) or COPD (21%). Corticosteroids (orally or inhalation therapy) prior to positive samples used 78%; the use of corticosteroids did not explain the development of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> disease. Pulmonary disease caused by <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> was identified in 88 (29%) of the reviewed patients; remaining samples did not represent clinical disease. Chronic cavitary or fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA or CFPA) had 44 (49%) of the diseased. The probability of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> disease increased when <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive samples were given repeatedly within 1\u2009year (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.001). Mortality for all reasons was 45%. The repeated positive samples did not predict survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.084), but the diagnosis of CPA did (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The possibility of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> disease increases when <jats:italic>Aspergilli<\/jats:italic> are found repeatedly, collection of samples should be repeated due to method insensitivity. Diagnosis of CPA predicted significantly lower survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T06:33:01Z","timestamp":1674109981000},"page":"387-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The clinical significance of <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\u2010positive respiratory samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pihlajamaa","family":"Katriina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki University  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anttila","family":"Veli\u2010Jukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hodgson","family":"Ulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki University  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-018-0321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00583-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1185ST"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"581","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of aspergillus species isolated from respiratory samples in an adult pneumology ward","volume":"49","author":"Tashiro T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.09.007"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.13566","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T12:41:51Z","timestamp":1693917711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13566","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}