{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:26:21Z","timestamp":1792009581764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onychomycosis was an ignored disease in children, and the prevalence was still unknown worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and treatment regimens of onychomycosis in children younger than 18\u2009years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systemically reviewed all publications by searching the key terms to reveal the onychomycosis in children from 1990 to 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 articles including 2,382 children with onychomycosis were enrolled in this study. The male to female ratio was 1.29:1. The youngest child was 35\u2009days old and the average age was 9.8\u2009years old. The duration of disease usually ranged from 7\u2009days to 4\u2009years. Onychomycosis in children was more prevalent in toenails compared to fingernails (77.6% vs. 18.4%), and 4% patients had both. A total of 527 children (22.12%) had concomitant tinea pedis infection, and in 267 patients (11.21%), their family members had onychomycosis or tinea pedis. The most common clinical type of onychomycosis was DLSO (67.74%) and the predominant isolates were <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> (66.13%), followed by <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> (9.08%) and <jats:italic>T. mentagrophytes complex<\/jats:italic> (5.34%). There were 419 children (74.03%) receiving systematic treatment only, 74 patients (13.07%) receiving topical treatment only, and 73 patients (12.90%) receiving both systematic and topical treatment. Twelve patients (2.12%) had mild drug\u2010related side effects. During the follow\u2010up, 71.25% children were cured, 17.50% symptoms improved and 4.17% failed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onychomycosis was underestimated in children and the diagnosis of onychomycosis should be properly considered in children with nail disorders. For mild patients, topical treatment can be a good choice, and oral antifungal drugs could be added to severe individuals under monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T03:23:51Z","timestamp":1674876231000},"page":"448-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Children onychomycosis, a neglected dermatophytosis: A\u00a0retrospective study of epidemiology and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ge","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weida","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Center for Global Health School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms\u2010D (CAMS\u2010CCPM\u2010D)  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanzhao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing China"},{"name":"CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms\u2010D (CAMS\u2010CCPM\u2010D)  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00917-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.120724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2005.01186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-022-00647-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.3.327"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Epidemiology of superficial mycosis (tinea pedis, onychomycosis) in elementary school children in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"30","author":"Hapcioglu B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.0094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-016-0034-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.4483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502762064764"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Pediatric onychomycosis: the emerging role of topical therapy","volume":"16","author":"Eichenfield LF","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12064"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.13571","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T12:42:09Z","timestamp":1693917729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}