{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:44:19Z","timestamp":1780400659449,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous inflammatory fungal infection most often caused by the fungus <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic>. Using a species\u2010specific PCR on DNA directly isolated from grains is currently the most reliable method for species identification. However, so far, PCR has been performed on grains obtained through deep\u2010seated surgical biopsies, which are invasive procedures. Grains can also be obtained via ultrasound\u2010guided fine\u2010needle aspiration (US\u2010FNA). Here we determined the diagnostic performance of species\u2010specific PCRs performed on samples obtained through US\u2010FNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 63 patients, US\u2010FNA was performed to obtain eumycetoma grains; 34 patients also underwent a deep\u2010seated biopsy. From the grains, DNA was isolated, and one pan\u2010fungal and two <jats:italic>M. mycetomatis\u2010<\/jats:italic>specific PCRs were performed. The sensitivity and specificity were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 63 patients who underwent US\u2010FNA, 78% (49\/63) had evidence of eumycetoma based on cytology and 93.7% (59\/63) based on species\u2010specific PCRs. In the 34 patients for whom surgical biopsies were performed as well, 31 patients had a positive PCR for <jats:italic>M. mycetomatis<\/jats:italic> when DNA was isolated from the deep\u2010seated biopsy, and 30 had a positive PCR when DNA was obtained from the US\u2010FNA material. This resulted in a 96.8% sensitivity, and 100% specificity with 97.1% diagnostic accuracy for PCR performed on US\u2010FNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCR performed on the US\u2010FNA material has a similar sensitivity and specificity as PCR performed on deep\u2010seated biopsies. Therefore, when using PCR, a deep\u2010seated biopsy may not be necessary to obtain grains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T04:42:43Z","timestamp":1675658563000},"page":"477-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Using a <i>Madurella mycetomatis<\/i>\u2010specific <scp>PCR<\/scp> on grains obtained via non\u2010invasive fine\u2010needle aspirated material is more accurate than cytology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Edwar","family":"Siddig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mycetoma Research Center University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9516-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)  Allschwil Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia Babekir","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mycetoma Research Center University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar Mubarak","family":"Bakhiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mycetoma Research Center University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Hassan","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mycetoma Research Center University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00359-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres12040066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1050-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295.2013.863971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.172206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60503-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532808X270707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of an intensive, ultrasound\u2010guided fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy training workshop in Tanzania","volume":"4","author":"Ng DL","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Oncol"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.13572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T17:26:38Z","timestamp":1692725198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13572","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}