{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:27:05Z","timestamp":1768645625194,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007705","name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have been identified as a complication in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). To date, there are few US studies examining the excess humanistic and economic burden of IFIs on hospitalised COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical and economic burden of IFIs in patients hospitalised with COVID\u201019 in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from adult patients hospitalised with COVID\u201019 during 01 April 2020\u201331 March 2021 were extracted retrospectively from the Premier Healthcare Database. IFI was defined either by diagnosis or microbiology findings plus systemic antifungal use. Disease burden attributable to IFI was estimated using time\u2010dependent propensity score matching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 515,391 COVID\u201019 patients were included (male 51.7%, median age: 66\u2009years); IFI incidence was 0.35\/1000 patient\u2010days. Most patients did not have traditional host factors for IFI such as hematologic malignancies; COVID\u201019 treatments including mechanical ventilation and systemic corticosteroid use were identified as risk factors. Excess mortality attributable to IFI was estimated at 18.4%, and attributable excess hospital costs were $16,100.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive fungal infection incidence was lower than previously reported, possibly due to a conservative definition of IFI. Typical COVID\u201019 treatments were among the risk factors identified. Furthermore, diagnosis of IFIs in COVID\u201019 patients may be complicated because of the several non\u2010specific shared symptoms, leading to underestimation of the true incidence rate. The healthcare burden of IFIs was significant among COVID\u201019 patients, including higher mortality and greater cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T02:53:21Z","timestamp":1676948001000},"page":"527-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Secondary invasive fungal infection in hospitalised patients with <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"George R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis Health  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3175-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa H.","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc.  Northbrook Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily F.","family":"Shortridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc.  Northbrook Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalatu","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma US Inc.  Northbrook Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giridharan","family":"Gurumoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc.  Northbrook Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc.  Northbrook Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"CDC.Fungal Diseases and COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/covid\u2010fungal.html. Accessed July 22 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Fungal disease frequency.Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections.https:\/\/www.gaffi.org\/why\/fungal\u2010disease\u2010frequency\/. 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