{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:06:54Z","timestamp":1780913214995,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryptococcosis and talaromycosis are known as \u2018neglected epidemics\u2019 due to their high case fatality rates and low concern. Clinically, the skin lesions of the two fungal diseases are similar and easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aims to develop an algorithm to identify cryptococcosis\/talaromycosis skin lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin images of tararomiasis and cryptococcosis were collected from published articles and augmented using the Python Imaging Library (PIL). Then, five deep artificial intelligence models, VGG19, MobileNet, InceptionV3, Incept ResNetV2 and DenseNet201, were developed based on the collected datasets using transfer learning technology. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, AUC and ROC curve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 159 articles (79 for cryptococcosis and 80 for talaromycosis), including 101 cryptococcosis skin lesion images and 133 talaromycosis skin lesion images, were collected for further mode construction. Five methods showed good performance for prediction but did not yield satisfactory results for all cases. Among them, DenseNet201 performed best in the validation set, followed by InceptionV3. However, InceptionV3 showed the highest sensitivity, accuracy, F1 score and AUC values in the training set, followed by DenseNet201. The specificity of DenseNet201 in the training set is better than that of InceptionV3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>DenseNet201 and InceptionV3 are equivalent to the optimal model in these conditions and can be used in clinical settings as decision support tools for the identification and classification of skin lesions of cryptococcus\/talaromycosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T09:30:22Z","timestamp":1683106222000},"page":"671-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of deep learning algorithm in the recognition of cryptococcosis and talaromycosis skin lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wudi","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baili","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi\u2010ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030079"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","article-title":"Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection in non\u2010HIV\u2010infected patients","volume":"5","author":"Chan JF","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.20701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30303-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","article-title":"Common invasive fungal diseases: an overview of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"146","author":"Schmiedel Y","year":"2016","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.1.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91287-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Profile of opportunistic infections among HIV\u20101 infected people in Hong Kong","volume":"55","author":"Wong KH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"NingC WeiW XuB.The global distribution drivers and burden of talaromycosis 1964\u20132018 poster 00749.DukeHealth."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00410-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00543-3"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"798","article-title":"Pathology of Penicillium marneffei. An emerging acquired immunodeficiency syndrome\u2010related pathogen","volume":"121","author":"Cooper CR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64937-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","article-title":"Can artificial intelligence detect monkeypox from digital skin images?","author":"Islam T","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00944-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-0960-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"SimonyanK ZissermanA.Very deep convolutional networks for large\u2010scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.15562014."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"HowardAG ZhuM ChenB et al.MobileNets: efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04861 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"4510","article-title":"MobileNetV2: inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks","author":"Sandler M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"2818","article-title":"Rethinking The Inception Architecture for Computer Vision","author":"Szegedy C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"4278","article-title":"Inception\u2010v4, Inception\u2010ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on Learning","volume":"31","author":"Szegedy C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"4700","article-title":"Densely Connected Convolutional Networks","author":"Huang G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.2977013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.15-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Andrew's Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology","author":"James WD","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"A case of cutaneous cryptococcosis","volume":"40","author":"Kusuhara M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rinsho Derma (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890290079010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11192-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1788642"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","article-title":"Detection of COVID\u201019 from chest x\u2010ray images using transfer learning","volume":"8","author":"Manokaran J","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Imaging (Bellingham)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030652"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108826"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T20:24:15Z","timestamp":1692563055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13598","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}