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We described an additional fatal case of <jats:italic>R.\u2009mackenziei<\/jats:italic> cerebral infection for the first time from Turkey and made a literature review of all previously reported cases. During 34\u2009years (1988\u20132022), there have been 42 <jats:italic>R.\u2009mackenziei<\/jats:italic> brain abscess cases. Most patients have been reported from Saudi Arabia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914, 33.3%). It is noteworthy that 40.5% of patients, including our case, were immunocompetent at initial diagnosis and mostly presented with a single lesion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910, 23.8%). The most frequent comorbidities were solid organ transplant (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, 21.4%), diabetes mellitus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096, 14.3%), malignancy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096, 14.3%) and prior surgery (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093, 7.1%). The most commonly used initial antifungal regimen were amphotericin B together with itraconazole (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, 21.4%), combinations of lipid preparations of amphotericin B, voriconazole and\/or posaconazole (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, 21.4%) and amphotericin B alone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098, 19%). Although both surgical procedures and antifungal medication in the majority of patients were performed, mortality rates remained high (90.4%). The area at risk of <jats:italic>R.\u2009mackenziei<\/jats:italic> cerebral abscess cases extends to other countries. Clinicians should be aware of this emerging disease and take a detailed travel history in patients with atypical and undocumented brain abscesses. Our case confirms the hypothesis that this fungus might spread more widely than previously predicted regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T09:26:38Z","timestamp":1683797198000},"page":"755-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["First case of <i>Rhinocladiella mackenziei<\/i> brain abscess in Turkey: Case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-0949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilvana Caklovica","family":"Kucukkaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cafer Ikbal","family":"Gulsever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Dolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonca Erkose","family":"Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert Ahmet","family":"Kuskucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"\u0130\u015f\u2010Bank Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pulat Akin","family":"Sabanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayre","family":"Erturan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381.ch114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802291452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"574","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"Murray PR","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903471073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.707338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819880.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2003.00956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70131-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2007.58.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219380000391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.4.429.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"CLSI.Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard\u2014Second Edition. 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