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This review presents an overview of the onychomycosis cases caused by <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> species and diagnosis and treatment that have been reported in the literature. The most common causative agent of onychomycosis is <jats:italic>F.\u2009solani<\/jats:italic> species complex, which accounts for 11.68% of the cases of <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> onychomycosis, followed by the <jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum<\/jats:italic> species complex (164 out of 1669), which is accounted for 9.83% of the total. <jats:italic>F.\u2009fujikuroi<\/jats:italic> species complex (42 out of 1669) and <jats:italic>F.\u2009dimerum<\/jats:italic> species complex (7 out of 1669) are responsible for 2.52% and 0.42 cases, respectively. <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> nail infections were reported in patients aged range 1\u201398, accounting for 5.55% (1669 out of 30082) of all cases. Asia has the highest species diversity of <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> onychomycosis <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>31.51%). South America accounts for 21.09%, and the most common causative agent is <jats:italic>F.\u2009solani<\/jats:italic> (19.32%), followed by <jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum<\/jats:italic> species complex (15.63%). Europe accounts for 4.90% of cases caused by <jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum<\/jats:italic>, followed by <jats:italic>F.\u2009solani<\/jats:italic>. Africa accounts for 23.87% of the cases due to the <jats:italic>F.\u2009solani<\/jats:italic> species complex, followed by <jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F.\u2009fujikuroi<\/jats:italic>. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical symptom accounting for 58.7% (135 out of 230) of the cases. Data analysis relieved that terbinafine and itraconazole are active treatments for <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> onychomycosis. For a definitive diagnosis, combining of direct examination, culture and sequencing of the elongation factor of translation 1\u03b1 are recommended. Accurate identification of the causative agents of onychomycosis due to <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential in patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1692698836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Onychomycosis due to <i>Fusarium<\/i> species in different continents, literature review on diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahereh","family":"Shokohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firoozeh","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Ghazanfari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Javidnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Khojasteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences  Bandar Abbas Iran"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences  Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8988-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrad","family":"Roohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Fungus Testing Laboratory &amp; 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