{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:03:44Z","timestamp":1790949824144,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014054","name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013996","name":"Global Health Innovative Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008196","name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007729","name":"Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan is a panfungal biomarker secreted by many fungi, including <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis,<\/jats:italic> the main causative agent of eumycetoma. Previously we demonstrated that (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan was present in serum of patients with eumycetoma. However, the use of (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan to monitor treatment responses in patients with eumycetoma has not been evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we measured (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations in serum with the WAKO (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan assay in 104 patients with eumycetoma treated with either 400\u2009mg itraconazole daily, or 200\u2009mg or 300\u2009mg fosravuconazole weekly. Serial serum (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations were measured at seven different timepoints. Any correlation between initial and final (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations and clinical outcome was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentration of (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan was obtained in a total of 654 serum samples. Before treatment, the average (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentration was 22.86\u2009pg\/mL. During the first 6\u2009months of treatment, this concentration remained stable. (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations significantly dropped after surgery to 8.56\u2009pg\/mL. After treatment was stopped, there was clinical evidence of recurrence in 18 patients. Seven of these 18 patients had a (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentration above the 5.5\u2009pg\/mL cut\u2010off value for positivity, while in the remaining 11 patients, (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations were below the cut\u2010off value. This resulted in a sensitivity of 38.9% and specificity of 75.0%. A correlation between lesion size and (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentration was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although in general (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations can be measured in the serum of patients with eumycetoma during treatment, a sharp decrease in \u03b2\u2010glucan concentration was only noted after surgery and not during or after antimicrobial treatment. (1,3)\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucan concentrations were not predictive for recurrence and seem to have no value in determining treatment response to azoles in patients with eumycetoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T03:41:16Z","timestamp":1698118876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using (1,3)\u2010<scp>\u03b2\u2010D<\/scp>\u2010glucan concentrations in serum to monitor the response of azole therapy in patients with eumycetoma caused by <i>Madurella mycetomatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1454-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Nyuykonge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel E.","family":"Siddig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna A.","family":"Nyaoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi)  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard E.","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi)  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar M.","family":"Bakhiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W. 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