{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:14:51Z","timestamp":1788394491167,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanisms underlying COVID\u201019\u2010associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) remain unclear. We use a transcriptomic analysis of the innate immune cells to investigate the host immune and metabolic response pathways in patients with CAPM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled subjects with CAPM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) without COVID\u201019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), COVID\u201019 (without mucormycosis, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) without comorbid illness and negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Peripheral blood samples from cases were collected before initiating antifungal therapy, and neutrophils and monocytes were isolated. RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeqX from monocytes and neutrophils. Raw reads were aligned with HISAT\u20102 pipeline and DESeq2 was used for differential gene expression. Gene ontology (GO) and metabolic pathway analysis were performed using Shiny GO application and R packages (ggplot2, Pathview).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The derangement of core immune and metabolic responses in CAPM patients was noted. Pattern recognition receptors, dectin\u20102, MCL, FcR\u03b3 receptors and CLEC\u20102, were upregulated, but signalling pathways such as JAK\u2013STAT, IL\u201017 and CARD\u20109 were downregulated; mTOR and MAP\u2010kinase signalling were elevated in monocytes from CAPM patients. The complement receptors, NETosis, and pro\u2010inflammatory responses, such as S100A8\/A9, lipocalin and MMP9, were elevated. The major metabolic pathways of glucose metabolism\u2014glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, HIF signalling and iron metabolism\u2010ferroptosis were also upregulated in CAPM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified significant alterations in the metabolic pathways possibly leading to cellular iron overload and a hyperglycaemic state. Immune responses revealed altered recognition, signalling, effector functions and a pro\u2010inflammatory state in monocytes and neutrophils from CAPM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T13:54:08Z","timestamp":1702043648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immune and metabolic perturbations in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019\u2010associated pulmonary mucormycosis: A transcriptome analysis of innate immune cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manpreet","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh 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Paediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh 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