{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:57:39Z","timestamp":1783652259694,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> nodules are classified as a subset of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The optimal management approach is not known as their natural evolution following biopsy, the rate of progression to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) and the effect of antifungal treatment have not been described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical course of patients diagnosed with <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> nodules and the effect of antifungal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a series of 23 patients with histologically confirmed <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> nodules and describe serial imaging, antifungal treatment and progression to other diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen patients were diagnosed after a CT\u2010guided biopsy and 10 after surgical resection. Among those who had CT\u2010guided biopsy, 8 did not receive antifungal treatment; the nodule was stable or smaller in all cases on subsequent CT scan after a mean of 15.5\u2009months. However, one patient developed squamous cell carcinoma after 16\u2009months and another developed CCPA after 7\u2009months. Among the 5 patients who received antifungals for at least 4\u2009weeks, the nodule was smaller in 1 and stable in 4. One patient developed CCPA 3\u2009years after the biopsy. No patient who had a surgical resection subsequently had a CCPA diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> nodules remained stable or improved following biopsy, irrespective of the effect of antifungals. However, CCPA can develop occasionally in patients with <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> nodules and ongoing radiological follow\u2010up may be warranted when the nodule is not resected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T03:24:05Z","timestamp":1710905045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Aspergillus<\/i> nodules: Natural history and the effect of antifungals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kosmidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aspergillosis Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Achira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aspergillosis Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aspergillosis Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Bazaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aspergillosis Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00583-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0276-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3020026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab583"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T07:19:32Z","timestamp":1711696772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13716","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13716"}}