{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T23:01:08Z","timestamp":1772665268982,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics of sporotrichosis in low\u2010endemic areas of China, including the prevalence geography, genotypic traits of patients, clinical manifestations, and strain virulence and drug sensitivities. The objective is to improve the currently used clinical management strategies for sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective data were collected from patients diagnosed with sporotrichosis through fungal culture identification. The isolates from purified cultures underwent identification using CAL (<jats:italic>Calmodulin<\/jats:italic>) gene sequencing. Virulence of each strain was assessed using a <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>) larvae infection model. In\u00a0vitro susceptibility testing against commonly used clinical antifungal agents for sporotrichosis was conducted following CLSI criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our low\u2010endemic region for sporotrichosis, the majority of cases (23) were observed in middle\u2010aged and elderly women with a history of trauma, with a higher incidence during winter and spring. All clinical isolates were identified as <jats:italic>Sporothrix globosa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic>). The <jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae infection model indicated independent and dose\u2010dependent virulence among strains, with varying toxicity levels demonstrated by the degree of melanization of the <jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>. Surprisingly, lymphocutaneous types caused by <jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic> exhibited lower in\u00a0vitro virulence but were more common in affected skin. In addition, all <jats:italic>S.globosa<\/jats:italic> strains displayed high resistances to fluconazole, while remaining highly susceptible to terbinafine, itraconazole and amphotericin B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the predominance of elderly women engaged in agricultural labour in our region, which is a low\u2010epidemic areas, they should be considered as crucial targets for sporotrichosis monitoring. <jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic> appears to be the sole causative agent locally. However, varying degrees of melanization in larvae were observed among these isolates, indicating a divergence in their virulence. Itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B remain viable first\u2010line antifungal options for treating <jats:italic>S.globosa<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T03:54:25Z","timestamp":1712548465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low toxicity contributes to <i>Sporothrix globosa<\/i> invade the skin of patients in low\u2010epidemic areas of China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Yuying","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University  Weihai Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital  Jining Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaodong","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital  Jining Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine Jining Medical University  Jining Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology Georgetown University Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weida","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital  Jining Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Jining No.1 People's Hospital  Jining Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3767\/003158515X687416"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"e00514","article-title":"Proteins potentially involved in immune evasion strategies in Sporothrix brasiliensis elucidated by ultra\u2010high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"3","author":"Luana R","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.081794-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.149214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00081-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780801992837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1300136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9668-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02464387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"M38\u2010A","article-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of conidia\u2010forming filamentous fungi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proposed Standard Document"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(82)90164-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Density\u2010dependent prophylaxis in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor L. 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