{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:33:57Z","timestamp":1773804837364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucormycosis is a rare but critical infection. Due to its rarity, there is scarce evidence about the longitudinal changes in the epidemiology of mucormycosis in the US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the longitudinal epidemiology, detailed clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with mucormycosis within the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) over 20\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All adult patients who were admitted to an acute\u2010care hospital with a diagnosis of mucormycosis within the VHA from January 2003 to December 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study included 201 patients from 68 hospitals. Incidence rates of mucormycosis increased from 1.9 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2003 to 3.3 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2022, with a peak incidence at 5.9 per 100,000 hospitalisations in 2021, when the Delta wave of COVID\u201019 hit the US. Rhino\u2010orbital (37.3%) and pulmonary mucormycosis (36.8%) were the most common types of infection. Diabetes mellitus (59.1%) and leukaemia (28.9%) were most common comorbidities predisposing to mucormycosis. Use of posaconazole or isavuconazole increased over time. The 90\u2010day and 1\u2010year mortalities were 35.3% and 49.8%, respectively. The mortality was lower in more recent years (2013\u20132017, 2018\u20132022) compared to earlier years (2003\u20132007). Age \u226565 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.47, 95% CI 1.59\u20137.40), leukaemia as a comorbidity (aOR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.22\u20135.89) and central nervous system infection (aOR: 10.59, 95% CI 2.81\u201344.57) were significantly associated with higher 90\u2010day mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our longitudinal cohort study suggests the increasing incidence rates but lower mortality of mucormycosis over this 20\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:34:41Z","timestamp":1725615281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal Epidemiology of Mucormycosis Within the Veterans Health Administration: A Retrospective Cohort Study Over a 20\u2010Year Period"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmal","family":"Muthukumarasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Access &amp; Delivery Research &amp; Evaluation (CADRE) Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408410903241444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/27.5.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cNational Diabetes Statistics Report \u201daccessed June 18 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/php\/data\u2010research\/index.html#:~:text=Diabetes%201%20Total%3A%2038.4%20million%20people%20have%20diabetes people%20%2822.8%25%20of%20adults%20with%20diabetes%20are%20undiagnosed%29."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500464930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad704"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.13794","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T05:50:50Z","timestamp":1727416250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.13794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.13794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13794","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13794"}}