{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:08:26Z","timestamp":1791644906499,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in Greece remains poorly reported and outdated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>We therefore conducted a 2\u2010year retrospective survey to assess the epidemiological aspects of the infection among symptomatic Greek patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>High vaginal swab samples were collected from adult women with clinically suspected VVC attending a private diagnostic laboratory in Athens. VVC was confirmed through microscopic examination of a wet mount preparation revealing yeasts and Candida<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive culture. Species were identified by MALDI\u2010ToF MS, and in\u00a0vitro susceptibility was determined according to the EUCAST\u2010E.Def 7.4. Predisposing host factors were associated with the occurrence of the infection and isolated Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. using Fisher's exact test, and epidemiological changes over time were analysed with the \u03c72<\/jats:sup> test for trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 1300 women screened, 283 VVC episodes were recorded among 233 (18%) patients, whereof 11 (5%) had recurrent VVC (RVVC) and 19 (8%) had mixed Candida<\/jats:italic> infections. Coinfection with other pathogens and recent prior use of antifungals were associated with RVVC. Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent pathogen (50%), followed by Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> (SS) (35%), Nakaseomyces glabratus<\/jats:italic> (former Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>) (10%), Pichia kudriavzevii<\/jats:italic> (former Candida krusei<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) (3%), Candida orthopsilosis<\/jats:italic> (1.5%) and Clavispora lusitaniae<\/jats:italic> (former Candida lusitaniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) (0.5%). Regarding the RVVC cases, 54% were attributed to C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, 37% to N. glabratus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and 9% to C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> SS. Resistance to fluconazole was found in 4% of C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and 23% of N. glabratus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> strains with cross\u2010resistance to other azoles. Fluconazole\u2010resistant isolates were recovered from 5 of 11 RVVC patients, whereof 4 of 5 had previous exposure to azoles. During the study period, an increase in N. glabratus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> VVC and fluconazole resistance was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>VVC is common in our region, with C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> as the predominant species, followed by C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> SS and N. glabratus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Fluconazole resistance is low in C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> but high in N. glabratus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, emphasising the need for targeted antifungal strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T06:43:49Z","timestamp":1737441829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Greece: A 2\u2010Year Single\u2010Centre Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7453-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kroustali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of West Attica Athens Greece"},{"name":"\u201cMycoLab\u201d, Diagnostic Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Specific Infectious Diseases, Fungal, Microbiological and Cytologic Examinations Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Resoulai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of West Attica Athens Greece"},{"name":"\u201cMycoLab\u201d, Diagnostic Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Specific Infectious Diseases, Fungal, Microbiological and Cytologic Examinations Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamprini","family":"Kanioura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cMycoLab\u201d, Diagnostic Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Specific Infectious Diseases, Fungal, Microbiological and Cytologic Examinations Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Siopi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of West Attica Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8869-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Meletiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Antonopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology General Hospital \u201cG. 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