{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:03:26Z","timestamp":1782187406857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005278","name":"Universidad de Antioquia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) has been associated with increased antifungal resistance. Recently, we reported that <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates from Colombian patients with RVVC did not show an increase in antifungal resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the virulence of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates from patients with RVVC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 40 <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates were evaluated (37 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and 3 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> ). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolates were divided into two groups based on the number of VVC episodes in patients per year: Group 1 (four to seven episodes; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) and Group 2 (\u2265\u2009eight episodes; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911). The XTT assay was used to assess biofilm formation. <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae were used for survival analysis and fungal load assessment, and the qPCR technique to determine the expression of the <jats:italic>PRA1<\/jats:italic> gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was observed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolates from patients with \u2265\u2009eight VVC episodes per year exhibited a greater capacity to form biofilms compared to those from patients with four to seven VVC episodes. Moreover, in the <jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic> model, larvae inoculated with isolates from RVVC patients exhibited approximately 80% mortality. Similarly, larvae infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> from patients who experienced \u2265\u2009eight VVC episodes showed a significantly higher fungal load compared to the other evaluated groups; likewise, the expression of the <jats:italic>PRA1<\/jats:italic> gene was significantly higher in isolates from patients with \u2265\u2009eight VVC episodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates from patients with RVVC exhibit a high degree of virulence and suggest that virulence may be one of the mechanisms explaining recurrence rather than antifungal resistance itself.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T11:40:58Z","timestamp":1738755658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virulence of <i>Candida<\/i> spp. Isolates From Patients With Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidosis Is Associated With the Number of Episodes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jeiser Marcelo","family":"Consuegra\u2010Asprilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology Universidad de Antioquia  Medellin Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Taborda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology Universidad de Antioquia  Medellin 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