{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:45:07Z","timestamp":1791726307931,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The recent rise in the global incidence of fluconazole resistance in\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n has become a significant public health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest that fluconazole resistance in\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n spreads through endemic clones. We, therefore, investigated the molecular epidemiology of fluconazole\u2010resistant\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in our centre.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates from 2016 through 2022 were investigated for antifungal susceptibility. Fluconazole\u2010resistant isolates were analysed for\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11 mutation using Sanger sequencing. Gene expression profiles of\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11,\n CDR<\/jats:italic>\n 1 and\n MDR<\/jats:italic>\n 1 were assessed by real\u2010time qPCR. The epidemiological relationship of resistant and susceptible isolates of\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was investigated using short tandem repeat typing. Additionally, biofilm production and cell wall ergosterol contents were also quantified and compared.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 572\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates, 48 (8.4%) were resistant to fluconazole. Of 28 recoverable resistant isolates, 17.9% (5\/28) were wild\u2010type and 82.1% (23\/28) harboured the following\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11 mutations: Y132F (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =\u20093), K143R (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =\u200910) and K143R + R398I (10\/28). Significant fold\u2010changes were observed in\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n =\u20090.037) and\n MDR<\/jats:italic>\n 1 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n =\u20090.008) gene expressions in fluconazole resistant compared to susceptible isolates. Contrary to global reports, STR typing suggested a limited clonal transmission of resistant\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n with multiple introductions of resistant isolates in our centre. On fluconazole exposure, ergosterol content significantly increased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <\u20090.01) in resistant isolates, particularly in isolates harbouring\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11\n K143R + R398I<\/jats:sup>\n mutations. In contrast, fluconazole\u2010susceptible isolates formed comparatively higher baseline biofilm (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <\u20090.05) than resistant isolates with\n ERG<\/jats:italic>\n 11\n K143R<\/jats:sup>\n mutation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The current study underscores the need for continuous molecular surveillance and tailored therapeutic options for effective management of fluconazole resistance in\n \n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T06:58:48Z","timestamp":1746514728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genotypic Diversity and Molecular Basis of Fluconazole Resistance in\n \n Candida parapsilosis<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Clinical Isolates Collected Over 7\u2009Years in a Tertiary\u2010Care Hospital in North India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Spruijtenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Expertise for Mycology Radboud University Medical Centre\u2010CWZ Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theun","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Expertise for Mycology Radboud University Medical Centre\u2010CWZ Nijmegen the 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anup","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh 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