{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:34:45Z","timestamp":1786962885561,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM\u2010PD) is a chronic respiratory infection with increasing prevalence and mortality worldwide. Coinfection with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a significant complication of NTM\u2010PD, often complicating treatment and resulting in poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n In this multicentre, retrospective cohort study, we examined the epidemiology, comorbidities, risk factors for CPA coinfection and long\u2010term prognosis of patients with NTM\u2010PD infected with CPA in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years with newly diagnosed NTM\u2010PD who visited 18 hospitals between 2010 and 2017 in Kyushu, Japan, were included. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, mycobacterial species, laboratory data, radiological features,\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n coinfection and all\u2010cause mortality rates. Risk factors for CPA coinfection were analysed using multiple logistic regression, and survival analysis was performed before and after propensity score matching with risk factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 1304 patients with NTM\u2010PD, 45 (3.5%) were diagnosed with CPA, including 42 with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis. The risk factors for CPA coinfection included male sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral corticosteroid use and cavity formation. All\u2010cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with NTM\u2010PD with CPA than in those without CPA (log\u2010rank test,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; crude hazard ratio [HR], 3.98). Survival analysis after propensity score matching suggested CPA was an independent poor prognostic factor (log\u2010rank test,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.036; adjusted HR, 1.59).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n CPA is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with NTM\u2010PD. Clinicians must consider CPA when treating patients with NTM\u2010PD, particularly those with high\u2010risk factors, to ensure timely diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T08:14:35Z","timestamp":1750320875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Factors and Long\u2010Term Prognosis for Coinfection of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Multicentre Observational Study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7713-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sasebo City General Hospital Sasebo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shotaro","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Experts Training Center Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Takazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2955-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masataka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3229-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Hosogaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusei","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Izumikawa Hospital Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5689-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Irifune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nagasaki Prefecture Shimabara Hospital Shimabara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Suyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki Gotochuoh Hospital Goto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomo","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Japan Community Health Care Organization Isahaya General Hospital Isahaya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine NHO Nagasaki Medical Center Omura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sasebo Chuo Hospital Sasebo 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