{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:59:26Z","timestamp":1772981966458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency, predisposing to life\u2010threatening invasive mould infection (IMI). While antifungal prophylaxis has improved outcomes, IMI remains the leading cause of mortality in CGD. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and fungal epidemiology of IMI among CGD patients in T\u00fcrkiye and explore diagnostic and treatment challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographics, clinical characteristics, IMI episodes, diagnostic methods, and antifungal prophylaxis regimens of 72 CGD patients followed at the Division of Paediatric Immunology of Marmara, Cerrahpa\u015fa and \u00c7ukurova University School of Medicine, T\u00fcrkiye between 1991 and 2022 were analysed. IMI episodes were classified as proven, probable, or possible based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Mycoses Study Group criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the patients, 79.1% were male, and 52.8% had autosomal\u2010recessive CGD (AR\u2010CGD).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010two IMI episodes were detected in 39 (54.2%) patients, predominantly involving the lungs. Proven IMI accounted for 28.5% of episodes, with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as the most frequent pathogen. Patients with X\u2010linked CGD experienced earlier IMI onset than AR\u2010CGD (34.0\u2009months (IQR: 18.0\u201365.5) versus 122.0\u2009months (IQR: 40.25\u2013240.0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Presentation with IMI led to the CGD diagnosis in 20 (51.3%) patients, while 19 (48.7%) developed IMI under itraconazole prophylaxis (median: 96.0\u2009months, IQR: 48.0\u2013153.0). Of 13 deaths (18.0%), 84.6% were associated with IMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights the persistently high burden of IMI among CGD patients, despite antifungal prophylaxis. Challenges in diagnosis, including limited access to invasive biopsy and diagnostic modalities, and gaps in prophylactic monitoring, underscore the need for optimised management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T09:32:49Z","timestamp":1751535169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Invasive Mould Infections in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Multicenter Study From T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Ergenc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi Bilgic","family":"Eltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"The Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betul Gemici","family":"Karaaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Cerrahpa\u015fa University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayca","family":"Kiykim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Cerrahpa\u015fa University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi Aslan","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyhan","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinar Canizci","family":"Erdemli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aylin","family":"Dizi Isik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Marmara University School of Medicine  Istanbul 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