{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:19:35Z","timestamp":1792513175051,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a globally emerging, frequently antifungal\u2010resistant fungus causing severe dermatophytosis. To inform prevention efforts, we analysed the genomic epidemiology and resistance to terbinafine (first\u2010line oral antifungal) from a collection of multinational\n                      <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates collected from patients with clinically suspected dermatophytosis during 2016\u20132023.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis based on single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).\n                      <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      phylogenetic results were correlated with patient demographic characteristics and isolate terbinafine susceptibility profiles that were determined by antifungal susceptibility testing and squalene epoxidase gene sequencing.\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from the USA, and\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from three countries were added for contextual analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 347\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, 227 (65%) were in\u00a0vitro resistant to terbinafine. Countries represented were India (43%); Germany (21%); Bangladesh (8%); United States (8%); United Arab Emirates (7%); Iraq (5%); Finland (3%); Poland (2%); Austria, Canada, Cambodia, Estonia, Singapore, and Switzerland (each &lt;\u20091%). Median SNP difference between isolates was 106 SNPs (range: 0\u2013392). Clustering by age, sex, or country was not observed. One subcluster was composed of terbinafine\u2010resistant isolates with a specific squalene epoxidase gene mutation (F397L) and was widely dispersed among 10 countries. Intra\u2010species genomic diversity was greater among 19\u2009\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isolates (260 SNPs [range: 73\u20131038]), or among 10\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>T. interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from the USA compared with the intra\u2010species diversity of the\n                      <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings corroborate\n                      <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n                      's recent emergence and ongoing international transmission and suggest the rapid spread of a subset of terbinafine\u2010resistant isolates. Continued efforts are necessary to mitigate this pathogen's spread.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T07:01:58Z","timestamp":1755154918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Global Emergence of Antifungal\u2010Resistant Dermatophytosis Caused by\n                    <i>Trichophyton indotineae<\/i>\n                    (Formerly\n                    <i>T. mentagrophytes<\/i>\n                    <scp>ITS<\/scp>\n                    Genotype\n                    <scp>VIII<\/scp>\n                    ): A Genomic Investigation Involving 14 Countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Ribeiro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Uhrla\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labopart\u2014Medical Laboratories, Roetha OT Moelbis  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Nenoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labopart\u2014Medical Laboratories, Roetha OT Moelbis  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A. W.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Saiful Islam","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University  Paribagh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikumar","family":"Goturu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Joseph's Polyclinic (Amber)  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujwal R.","family":"Bagal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce G.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan P.","family":"Wiederhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle","family":"J\u00e4rv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SYNLAB Eesti O\u00dc  Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar F.","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Office Schongau  Schongau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Szepietowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroclaw University of Science and Technology  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resham","family":"Vasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bhojani Clinic  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Schwem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Chiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia P.","family":"Litvintseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyam B.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nirvan and in Skin Clinics  Vadodara Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.2.240"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"702","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections","volume":"90","author":"Ely J. 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