{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:54:54Z","timestamp":1770958494316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the United States, aspergillosis and mucormycosis are associated with substantial healthcare costs and mortality. Recent nationally representative data about hospitalisations for these infections are limited, though several reports specifically describe increases in COVID\u201019\u2010associated aspergillosis and mucormycosis, likely because of critical illness\u2010related immune dysregulation and treatments involving systemic corticosteroids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To update disease burden estimates, we describe trends in aspergillosis\u2010related and mucormycosis\u2010related hospitalisations (A\u2010RH and M\u2010RH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the 2016\u20132021 Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project National Inpatient Sample and U.S. Census Bureau data to calculate A\u2010RH and M\u2010RH rates, examining annual trends, overall and stratified by demographic characteristics. We examined A\u2010RHs and M\u2010RHs during 2020\u20132021, comparing features and in\u2010hospital mortality for those with vs. without COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2016\u20132021, an estimated 86,570 A\u2010RHs occurred, with rates (per 1,000,000 population) stable from 2016 to 2019 (range: 42.3\u201344.5) and increasing from 40.1 (2020) to 51.5 (2021). An estimated 8565 M\u2010RHs occurred, with rates increasing from 3.8 to 5.8. During 2020\u20132021, 6025\/24,285 (24.8%) of A\u2010RHs and 420\/2920 (14.4%) of M\u2010RHs were COVID\u201019\u2010associated. A\u2010RHs and M\u2010RHs involving COVID\u201019 had mortality rates exceeding 50%, which was \u22483 to 4\u2010fold higher than those for A\u2010RHs and M\u2010RHs without COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of A\u2010RHs and M\u2010RHs in the United States peaked in 2021, likely reflecting the increased burden of COVID\u201019 in 2021 compared with 2020. Ongoing monitoring of risk factors and clinician awareness is essential for managing and preventing these infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T04:14:26Z","timestamp":1756872866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis\u2010Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 2016\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Rollins School of Public Health  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnathan A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Rollins School of Public Health  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch Western Cape South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A. W.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.505204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2907.221771"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Prevalence of COVID\u201019\u2010Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Critical Review and Conclusions","volume":"8","author":"Egger M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00074-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.6823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1759153162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70108"}}