{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:45Z","timestamp":1787015805596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008235","name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intra\u2010abdominal candidiasis (IAC) still has a high mortality rate despite prompt antifungal therapy due to immunosuppression. T cell exhaustion is an important manifestation of immunosuppression. This study aimed to explore the expression pattern of exhaustion\u2010related molecules in patients with IAC and determine the possible association between dynamic trends and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with IAC were enrolled, and non\u2010IAC critically ill patients were included as controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed by flow cytometry to determine the expression levels of T cell exhaustion\u2010related markers. T cells isolated from PBMCs were stimulated by IL\u20102 in \u03b1\u2010CD3\/\u03b1\u2010CD28 medium to compare intracellular cytokine production and proliferative capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 34 patients with IAC and 35 controls were enrolled in this study. Patients with IAC had a significant decrease in lymphocytes. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with IAC had a significantly higher level of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101), cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and exhibited a consistently impaired cytokine\u2010secreting function. Increased exhaustion\u2010associated molecules and deteriorating dysfunction were detected in non\u2010survivors, while survivors demonstrated the opposite tendency. Patients with impaired granzyme B (GZMB) production function who died from IAC over the course of the disease had higher levels of PD\u20101 expression in CD8+\u2009T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T cells from patients with IAC displayed an immunosuppressive phenotype of T cell exhaustion. Sustaining exhaustion status and deteriorated dysfunction were associated with poor prognosis. Persistently increased PD\u20101 expression and impaired GZMB secretion in CD8+\u2009T cells were linked to worse outcomes. Immunoadjuvants reversing T cell exhaustion have promising prospects in treating IAC and improving prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T07:06:21Z","timestamp":1758092781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["T Cell Exhaustion and Function State Correlated With Outcomes in Patients With Intra\u2010Abdominal Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Yawen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianli","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Beijing Jishuita Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiwu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1128-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing 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