{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:13:58Z","timestamp":1780679638688,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013236","name":"MSD Life Science Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013236","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is critical for the initiation of effective antifungal therapy. Currently, detection of galactomannan (GM), a secreted fungal glycan, is the most used culture\u2010independent diagnostic test for IA. However, limitations in the sensitivity and specificity of this test have led to interest in identifying other target molecules. Galactosaminogalactan (GAG), a polysaccharide cell wall component secreted by\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      hyphae, is a potential diagnostic marker for IA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the utility of GAG as a diagnostic target, we generated a monoclonal antibody against GAG (mAb 1D1), established a GAG enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), evaluated its cross\u2010reactivity with other respiratory pathogens, and compared the performance of the GAG detection ELISA with GM antigen detection in both an in\u00a0vivo mouse model and human samples from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GAG ELISA demonstrated strong reactivity with culture supernatants from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      but limited reactivity with culture supernatants of other\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and non\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      filamentous fungi. In a mouse model of IA, GAG was detected in lung tissue, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and urine samples. Although GAG was detected by mAb 1D1 staining of\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      hyphae in infected human lung tissue samples, it was not detectable in the serum, BALF, and urine of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further studies are required to determine whether the failure to detect GAG in the serum, BALF, and urine of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis is due to absence or low GAG levels or other reasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:17:08Z","timestamp":1759958228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating the Potential of Galactosaminogalactan as a Diagnostic Target for Invasive\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Aspergillosis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Takazono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Machida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Division Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Le Mauff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"GlycoNet Integrated Services, Microbial Glycomic Node  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald C.","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hotaka","family":"Namie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haretsugu","family":"Hishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Division Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Amata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Division Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Nakada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shotaro","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hosogaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriho","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Hospital  Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki 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University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research Development and Public Health Action 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