{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:46:20Z","timestamp":1787168780275,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sputum is a commonly collected specimen for suspected respiratory fungal infections due to its non\u2010invasive nature and diagnostic value. However, conventional culture at 29\u00b0C (CC29) often fails to detect filamentous moulds. To improve recovery, we applied a high\u2010volume culture incubated at 37\u00b0C (HVC37) and compared its diagnostic performance with CC29, with particular focus on\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and azole\u2010resistant isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between October 2022 and June 2025, a total of 1546 sputum samples from 793 patients, including 219 samples from 67 patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), were cultured in parallel using HVC37 (0.5\u20131\u2009mL inoculum) and CC29 (1\u201310\u2009\u03bcL inoculum) on Sabouraud agar for 7\u2009days. Positivity rates for moulds and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Antifungal susceptibility testing followed EUCAST standards.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010volume culture incubated at 37\u00b0C (HVC37) markedly outperformed CC29 for detection of both moulds and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Across all sputum samples, HVC37 achieved a mould positivity rate of 41.6% (95% CI 39.2%\u201344.1%) versus 27.7% (95% CI 25.5%\u201330.0%) with CC29. The improvement was most evident for\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      detection: 37.0% (95% CI 34.7%\u201339.5%) for HVC37 compared with 11.5% (95% CI 10.0%\u201313.2%) for CC29, an absolute increase of 25.5%. Both methods together yielded the highest overall detection rates for moulds (54.0%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (42.1%). In patients with CPA, HVC37 detected moulds in 53.0% of samples and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in 45.2%, compared with 30.6% and 15.5%, respectively, for CC29. Importantly, of 46 azole\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isolates recovered, HVC37 detected 42 (91.3%), whereas CC29 detected only 20 (43.5%). CC29 mainly identified environmental moulds such as\n                      <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, not detected by HVC37.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010volume culture at 37\u00b0C substantially improves the detection of filamentous moulds in sputum, especially\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and clinically relevant azole\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Incorporating HVC37 into routine mycology workflows can significantly enhance fungal diagnosis and antifungal resistance surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:51:48Z","timestamp":1774007508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High\u2010Volume Culture Improves Diagnostic Yield of\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    Species From Sputum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merlijn H. I.","family":"van Haren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Michon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc\/CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboudumc\/CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique H. E.","family":"Reijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc\/CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Br\u00fcggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc\/CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sacha","family":"van Mook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrich","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J. G.","family":"Melchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan D.","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4031-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochem B.","family":"Buil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboudumc\/CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology  Nijmegen Gelderland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00011-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70238-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00091-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.478-484.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00583-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01250-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsec.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06681-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780400029486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.656548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.03987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3040057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.01.017"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.70168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/myc.70168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.70168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:12:14Z","timestamp":1774563134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.70168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.70168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.70168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70168"}}