{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:58:17Z","timestamp":1790405897483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Airborne mould spores, including those of the\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, are ubiquitous both indoors and outdoors. While they are generally harmless, inhaled spores can cause severe infections, particularly invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, in patients with impaired immune defences. Allergic manifestations such as asthma arise by different mechanisms and are not covered. This narrative mini\u2010review summarises key evidence and guideline recommendations for healthcare teams and provides practical, patient\u2010friendly advice by highlighting clinical and infection\u2010prevention considerations. As there is no safe exposure threshold or minimum infectious dose for individual patients, prevention focuses on reducing avoidable exposure during high\u2010risk periods. These high\u2010risk periods typically refer to medical conditions such as prolonged neutropenia, the early post\u2010transplant period, and high\u2010dose corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, prevention also focuses on optimising hospital environmental controls by implementing high\u2010efficiency particulate air filter filtration, protective rooms and construction dust containment, alongside antifungal prophylaxis when indicated. The most impactful measures at home are preventing and rapidly remediating visible mould and dampness, avoiding high\u2010spore activities such as composting, handling potting soil, and working with demolition or renovation dust, and maintaining simple hygiene practices that reduce dust reservoirs. This narrative mini\u2010review also summarises what the literature can and cannot provide. Although\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species account for most of the available evidence, the same exposure\u2010reduction principles apply to other environmentally acquired moulds, including Mucorales,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and\n                    <jats:italic>Scedosporium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:51:34Z","timestamp":1789023094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hidden Mould in the Air: A Practical Narrative Mini\u2010Review of Invasive Mould Infection Prevention for High\u2010Risk Patients and Clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, European Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass\u2010Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, European Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Steixner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, European Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging\u2010Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Excellence Centre for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn\u2010Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS K\u00f6ln), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"Reinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Research, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine Centre for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine ECMM Excellence Centre, University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Walti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital Berne University Hospital, University of Berne  Berne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) Working Group for Patient Representation and Advocacy in Invasive Fungal Infections","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2021.100115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health\u2010Care Facilities. 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