{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:00:44Z","timestamp":1790316044734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]],"date-time":"2015-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000381","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["910\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["910\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["G0700356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0700356"]}]},{"name":"European Union's Seventh Framework Program","award":["HEALTH-F2-2011-278850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F2-2011-278850"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a progressive inflammatory neurological disease affecting myelin, neurons and glia. Demyelination and neurodegeneration of cortical grey matter contribute to a more severe disease, and inflammation of the forebrain meninges associates with pathology of the underlying neocortical grey matter, particularly in deep sulci. We assessed the extent of meningeal inflammation of the cerebellum, another structure with a deeply folded anatomy, to better understand the association between subarachnoid inflammation and grey matter pathology in progressive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined demyelinating and neuronal pathology in the context of meningeal inflammation in cerebellar tissue blocks from a cohort of 27 progressive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> cases previously characterized on the basis of the absence\/presence of lymphoid\u2010like aggregates in the forebrain meninges, in comparison with 11 non\u2010neurological controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demyelination and meningeal inflammation of the cerebellum was greatest in those cases previously characterized as harbouring lymphoid\u2010like structures in the forebrain regions. Meningeal inflammation was mild to moderate in cerebellar tissue blocks, and no lymphoid\u2010like structures were seen. Quantification of meningeal macrophages, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ T lymphocytes, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> cells and plasma cells revealed that the density of meningeal macrophages associated with microglial activation in the grey matter, and the extent of grey matter demyelination correlated with the density of macrophages and plasma cells in the overlying meninges, and activated microglia of the parenchyma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that chronic inflammation is widespread throughout the subarachnoid space and contributes to a more severe subpial demyelinating pathology in the cerebellum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T04:11:28Z","timestamp":1416888688000},"page":"798-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Extensive grey matter pathology in the cerebellum in multiple sclerosis is linked to inflammation in the subarachnoid space"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Owain W.","family":"Howell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Institute of Life Science 1 College of Medicine Swansea University  Swansea SA2\u20098PP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Katharina","family":"Schulz\u2010Trieglaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Molecules\u2010Signalling\u2010Development Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology Am Klopferspitz 18  Martinsried 82152 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Carassiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Neurosciences and Neurotrauma Blizard Institute Queen Mary University London  London E1\u20092AT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Gentleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Roncaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0840-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70191-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250267.85698.7a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508101934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.177733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.2.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6805-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509104589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.148767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms917oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402455101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318249f6f0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-1961.2012.00029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000077008.24259.0D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(77)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283534a8a","article-title":"Autoinflammatory grey matter lesions in humans: cortical encephalitis, clinical disorders, experimental models","volume":"25","author":"Junker A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnan.12199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nan.12199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T23:35:03Z","timestamp":1695512103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nan.12199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nan.12199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1846","1365-2990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1846","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]]}}}